Considering the technology and progress of science and the mechanization of life, today there are few people who are not familiar with the name of electric motor and electrical equipment. After the invention of electricity, electric motor is definitely considered one of the most important human inventions. In this article, we want to know what an electric motor is and how it works and its types. Stay with us until the end of the article to get information in this field.

What is an electric motor?

Electromotor or electric motor, as its name suggests, is a machine that converts electrical energy first into magnetic energy and finally into mechanical energy, but this process cannot be done easily. The majority of electric motors are rotating, but some of their types have undergone many changes with the passage of time and the progress of science and technology and are not rotating.In general, it can be said that an electric motor is a body with an electric current, which exerts a force on it when it is subjected to a magnetic field. To understand this, consider two magnets, the poles of the same name repel each other and the poles Non-synonyms attract each other. It is also necessary to know that the electric motor consists of two fixed and rotating parts, the fixed part is called the stator and the rotating part is called the rotor. In the rest of the article, we will examine the types and applications of each of them

Types of electric motors:

Electric motors include three categories as follows:

• DC
• AC
• Special electric motor

• AC type

AC electric motors are one of the most common types of electric motors that have many applications in the industry. Simple design, high strength, reasonable price and low maintenance cost are the advantages of this type of electric motor. AC electric motors include different types, each of which has specific applications. Single-phase AC type and three-phase AC electric motor are two widely used types of AC electric motors.

• DC type

This type is one of the rotating electric motors, in this type of motor there is a free hanging wire that is placed inside a mercury container and a magnet surrounds both sides of the container. As the current passes through the wire, it starts circulating around the magnet, which will increase the rotating magnetic field around the wire. The speed and rotation of the DC type depends on its voltage and current, this motor is used in traction applications such as locomotives.

• special type

These types are custom produced and used for specific applications.

Electric motor selection criteria

Electric motors are different in terms of speed and power, but these alone are not enough to choose an electric motor. In the following, we will examine the factors that should be considered when choosing an electric motor:

• Voltage: If you want it for home use, its voltage should be 220 volts, and for industrial use, you need three-phase 380 volts.
• Current: Since the frequency of the current in our country is 50 Hz, you should choose an electric motor suitable for this current.
• Output torque: To choose it based on the output torque, you must consider the amount of torque in the worst possible case.
• Speed: The type of fixed or variable speed has a great impact on choosing an electric motor, for example, if the speed of the motor is constant for a period of time and sometimes you slow down, you should choose an electric motor with a brake.
• Power: One of the most important parameters to choose is power, you need to know that the power unit is based on kilowatts or horsepower.
• Life cycle: If you want to choose an electric motor that works continuously, the AC type is the right choice because this type of motor has a very long life, and if your electric motor works less, you can choose the DC type.
• Frame size and configuration: Sometimes you may have limited space in choosing the type of motor. In such a situation, you can choose a compact electric motor. It should be noted that one of the most important factors influencing the choice of an electric motor is the installation location and the size of the required space.
• Place of use: The place of use is a very important matter that you must pay attention to because many sparks may be generated when turning on the alternator.
• Ventilation system: Motors without fans prevent the entry of external components compared to the type with fans, but they need more time to cool down.
• Maintenance costs: its cost is not only for its purchase, but you should also consider costs such as electricity consumption, operating costs, etc., and carefully choose the best type of electric motor.